The system operates through electrolysis of seawater, a process where an electric current splits water and salt (NaCl) into reactive compounds:

• Anode (Oxidation): Chloride ions (Cl⁻) oxidize to form chlorine gas (Cl₂) or hypochlorite ions (OCl⁻).
  Reaction: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻
• Cathode (Reduction): Water reduces to hydrogen gas (H₂) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
  Reaction: 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2OH⁻
• Overall Reaction: 2NaCl + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ + Cl₂ or NaCl + H₂O → NaOCl + H₂ (if pH is controlled).

The produced chlorine or hypochlorite is then mixed into the seawater to kill sea creatures.

Key Components

• Electrolytic Cell: Contains anodes (often made of dimensionally stable anodes, e.g., DSA) and cathodes to facilitate electrolysis.
• Power Supply: Provides the electric current for the reaction.
• Pump/Filter: Circulates seawater and removes particulates to prevent electrode fouling.
• pH Control System: Adjusts conditions to favor hypochlorite production (safer than chlorine gas).
• Injection/Dosing System: Distributes the disinfectant into the target water.
• Monitoring Sensors: Tracks chlorine levels, pH, and other parameters for safety and efficiency.

Applications

• Ballast Water Treatment: Ships use it to kill invasive species in ballast water, complying with IMO regulations.
• Marine Aquaculture: Disinfects water in fish farms to control diseases and parasites.
• Cooling Water Systems: Prevents biofouling in power plants or coastal industries.
• Desalination Plants: Pre-treats seawater to reduce biofilm formation on membranes.
• Recreational Water: Sanitizes swimming pools or water parks near coastal areas.